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Architectural Finishes Research (kleuronderzoek)

Architectural Finishes Research (AFR) is the study of historic surface layers — such as paint, varnish, gilding, or wallpaper — within architectural spaces. It helps reveal original color schemes, hidden decorative phases, and material histories, supporting informed decisions during conservation, restoration, or renovation.

What AFR Typically Involves

  • Visual inspection & documentation

  • Extraction of paint samples from selected areas

  • Cross-section preparation & microscopy

  • Embedding and polishing samples to reveal stratigraphy under visible and UV light

  • Pigment & binder identification

  • Using analytical tools to identify materials

  • Interpretation & historical contextualisation

  • Dating layers, comparing to historical records, and aligning findings with architectural or social history

  • Reporting

  • Clear, illustrated documentation for stakeholders (including Type 3/Type 4 reports in Dutch standards)

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Types of AFR

  • Exploratory / Preliminary Research
    Basic investigation to guide design or decision-making

  • Type 3 Report
    Focused on the documentation of existing layers, with interpretation and recommendations

  • Type 4 Report
    In-depth interpretation and reconstruction of decorative schemes, often supporting restoration or reinstatement of historical appearances

  • Conservation-Integrated AFR
    AFR conducted as part of ongoing conservation treatment (e.g., wall paintings, polychrome wood, gilded architectural elements)

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Typical Questions AFR Helps Answer

AFR helps answer questions like:

  • What was the original colour scheme of this room?

  • Were there any hidden decorative layers beneath the visible paint?

  • Can we date the alterations in this space?

  • What materials and techniques were historically used?

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